Ein Heldenleben: Brass Facts

The large orchestral forces required for Ein Heldenleben include a massive brass section consisting of:

8 French horns
3 trumpets
2 E-flat trumpets
3 trombones
Euphonium
Tuba

By our extremely unscientific calculations, if you straightened out all these instruments they would stretch approximately 53 metres, longer than an Olympic-sized swimming pool!  (Though if any brass players have some more specific measurements they can share then we stand corrected!)

During the piece the three B-flat trumpet players walk offstage to perform distant fanfares in ‘The Hero’s Companion’ section of the work.

We are grateful to brass colleagues from other orchestras for coming to boost our ranks for this performance!  Here’s our extended French horn section in Madrid last week:

Ein Heldenleben French horn section

How many French horn players does it take to change a lightbulb...?

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Strauss’ Ten Commandments

In 1925 Richard Strauss famously wrote of his ten commandments for conductors: Ten Golden Rules for the Album of a Young Conductor:

1. Remember that you are making music not to amuse yourself, but to delight your audience.
2. You should not perspire when conducting: only the audience should get warm.
3. Conduct Salome and Elektra as if they were Mendelssohn: Fairy Music.
4. Never look encouragingly at the brass, except with a brief glance to give an important cue.
5. But never let the horns and woodwinds out of your sight. If you can hear them at all they are still too strong.
6. If you think that the brass is not blowing hard enough, tone it down another shade or two.
7. It is not enough that you yourself should hear every word the soloist sings. You should know it by heart anyway. The audience must be able to follow without effort. If they do not understand the words they will go to sleep.
8. Always accompany the singer in such a way that he can sing without effort.
9. When you think you have reached the limits of prestissimo, double the pace.
10. If you follow these rules carefully you will, with your fine gifts and your great accomplishments, always be the darling of your listeners.

The RPO’s founder Sir Thomas Beecham was also known for his classic quotes. Here’s what he – rather mischievously! – had to say about Ein Heldenleben:

‘I spent a couple of days on the train with a German friend of mine. We amused ourselves by discovering how many notes we could take out of Ein Heldenleben and leave the music essentially intact. By the time we had finished we had taken out 15,000!’

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Ein Heldenleben

The RPO is preparing for its performance of Strauss’ mighty Ein Heldenleben next Friday at Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall.  The orchestra has been performing the piece in Spain last week so are getting nicely warmed up for the London concert!

Click here for a preview, recorded on a hand-held device at last week’s rehearsal: Royal Philharmonic Orchestra – Ein Heldenleben in rehearsal

Click here for further information and to book tickets.

We’ll be posting all about Strauss and this monumental work throughout the week.  To get us started, Bass Trombone Roger Argente has written his own personal thoughts and experiences of the piece, one of the first he performed with the RPO.

I’m writing this post backstage at the Auditorio Nacional in Madrid, while the RPO, or the band as I call them, is on stage rehearsing the Beethoven Violin Concerto with Julia Fischer.

The RPO are regular visitors to Spain, Madrid and the Auditorio Nacional in particular. On this occasion we’re doing two concerts here in Madrid and started with a concert in the newish (2007) Centro Cultural Miguel Delibes in Valladolid on Tuesday, about 100 miles north west of Madrid, playing repertoire including Dvořák’s ‘New World’ Symphony and Richard Strauss’ Ein Heldenleben (A Hero’s Life). Valladolid was cold and windy; it even snowed overnight on the outskirts but we made the most of it, as we always do. The small family-run taverna opposite our hotel in the Plaza San Miguel did a roaring post-concert trade in hearty soups and raciones (bigger versions of tapas that you share).

The morning after our first Heldenleben concert we made our way to the new AVE train station in Valladolid. The AVE is Spain’s newest transport solution, using super-fast trains traveling at speeds of up 300 KPH and has cut down a previous 2.5 hour journey to just over one hour between Valladolid and Madrid.

Anyway, back to the music. The Dvořák ‘New World’ Symphony is a great piece of music; the tunes permeate the brain and are hard to get rid of, but we do play it regularly, whereas Heldenleben only comes around every few years.

A bit of background on this piece…

It is a tone poem written in 1898, when Strauss was 34 years old. It utilises the leitmotif as ‘invented’ by Richard Wagner: the use of small musical themes that help glue the whole work together. The music itself is extremely romantic and many scholars believe it to be partly autobiographical, while others go for the more tongue-in-cheek approach. We must also understand that it was written at a time when music in Europe was moving in lots of different directions, particularly those experimenting with modernism and impressionism.

The opening leitmotif is particularly well written and features the horn and cello sections; this opening rising motive really gets the hair on the back of you neck tingling – or at least it should do. Other favourite sections of this piece for me include the twittering critics, as portrayed by the woodwinds and the recurring ‘Dr Daring’ parallel 5ths of the tenor and bass tuba. Physically the Hero’s battlefield is a real blow for all the wind and brass.

The subtle drip feed of themes from other Strauss tone poems, particularly Till Eulenspiegel, Also Sprach Zarathustra, Don Quixote and Death and Transfiguration are also very effective.

But at the end of the concert the glory belongs with the leader and the solo horn, played beautifully and sensitively by Duncan Riddell and Laurence Davies.

I first came across this piece while at school in South Wales when I started reading Norman del Mar’s critical commentary on Strauss. At that time I was very fortunate to have played good and varied symphonic repertoire both at school level (Dwr-y-felin Comprehensive School), county youth orchestra (West Glamorgan Youth Orchestra) and the National Youth Orchestra of Wales. The repertoire I performed then was challenging but not quite as challenging as Heledenleben. My first chance to play through the piece came about quite by accident when in my first term at the Royal Northern College of Music I stood in for an older student who was ill. I then played it several times with professional orchestras in the North West and in Bournemouth, but it wasn’t until just over 20 years ago that I played it in London. I first played it with the RPO as part of my trial period under our then musical director Vladimir Ashkenazy.

After tonight’s concert the RPO is flying back to London, I’m personally off to Frankfurt for a few days, then we’re off to Budapest on Monday to repeat the Dvořák ‘New World’ programme followed by an eagerly anticipated repeat performance of Heldenleben on Friday 30th March at the Royal Festival Hall.

We all know professional musicians can be quite cynical and downplay their emotions, but deep down I still remember the sometimes random concerts that help mark your professional career. I’m thinking of performances that mean something to you and your colleagues and I’m thinking of the following, many of which still seem like they were performed last week. In no particular order…

Verdi’s Requiem at the Proms with Daniele Gatti; Charles Dutoit, Yuja Wang and Rachmaninov’s 3rd Piano Concerto in Berlin and Vienna, Prokofiev’s Romeo & Juliet at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam with Daniele Gatti; Charles Dutoit, Martha Argerich and Prokofiev’s 3rd Piano Concerto at the Royal Festival Hall, The Pines of Rome at La Scala, Milan and Petrushka in Cerittos, California with Yuri Temirkanov; Mahler’s Symphony No.5 in Austin, Texas and Strauss’ Der Rosenkavalier at the Barbican with Daniele Gatti and Stravisky’s Rite of Spring at the Royal Festival Hall with Charles Dutoit. I hope I can add to that mental list ‘Dutoit: Ein Heldeleben‘ at the Royal Festival Hall next week.

Roger Argente
Roger joined the RPO as Principal Bass Trombone in April 1992.
He also combines his RPO commitments with a part-time position at Trinity College of Music, where he is Head of Brass Studies and runs his own brass and percussion ensemble Superbrass.

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Player Profile: Chantal Webster, Cello

Chantal Webster

How did you become involved with the RPO?
I joined the cello section of the RPO in 2003.

What is the best thing about being a member of the RPO?
One of the best things about being in the RPO is being able to see amazing places around the world and still get paid! Places that stand out are the Great Wall of China, the Mexican pyramids at Teotihuacán, riding San Francisco cable cars and attending a starlit castle-top party in Dubrovnik. 

What inspired you to become a musician as a child?
I had been learning the piano from the age of four, then aged 9 I heard a cello demonstration at school and loved the sound – I immediately wanted to learn it.

Who have you enjoyed working with the most whilst in the RPO?
I’ve always really enjoyed working with Daniele Gatti – his concerts are always very exciting. Recently I loved working with Jean-Yves Thibaudet on our USA Tour. He’s a wonderful pianist. I also enjoy working with celebrities like Shirley Bassey or Lulu – it’s great to see such famous people close up!

Where is your favourite place to perform?
My favourite place that we have toured to is Lucerne in Switzerland. It’s such a beautiful setting: mountains in the background, a gorgeous old town to explore and a great concert hall set on the lake.

What has been the most valuable piece of advice you have been given in relation to music, and who was it from?
The most valuable piece of advice I was ever given was from my old teacher Clive Greensmith who used to be Principal Cello of the RPO. It seems so obvious, but he taught me how to really listen to every note. It’s too easy just to play all the notes on the page without actually listening to the sound that’s coming out.

Do you have a defining favourite moment of your musical career?
My favourite musical moment has to be performing of Tippett’s Concerto for Double String Orchestra with Paavo Bergland. The cellos were lined up at the back where the wind section normally sits and it was an amazing concert. I’d love to play that piece again.

If you could learn to play another/different instrument, which would it be and why?
If I didn’t play the cello I would’ve loved to have been a singer. I think it’s incredible that the human body can make such an amazing noise without any props! 

What was the first recording you ever bought?
The first record I bought was Baggy Trousers by Madness! I used to use the library at school and university a lot so didn’t buy classical recordings until I was a bit older but Brahms’ Fourth Symphony, Rachmaninov’s Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Schubert’s Quintet and La Bohème were early favorites of mine.

What do you listen to in your spare time?
When I’m at home I like to listen to music that I don’t play, such as pop, jazz, opera or piano music. But as I’m surrounded by noise every day (partly due to my two young children!) sometimes I just relish a bit of silence!

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Interview: Dirk Joeres

An interview with RPO Permanent Guest Conductor Dirk Joeres:

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